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Niacinamide (nicotinamide) boosts intracellular NAD⁺, supports DNA repair, and exhibits anti‑inflammatory effects in keratinocytes. Topical 4 % solutions improve hair fullness and reduce scalp irritation.
Spironolactone is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist with anti‑androgen properties. Oral doses 50–200 mg/day lower systemic and follicular DHT, making it a mainstay for female‑pattern hair loss.
